Package website: release | dev

Probabilistic Supervised Learning for mlr3.

What is mlr3proba ?

mlr3proba is a machine learning toolkit for making probabilistic predictions within the mlr3 ecosystem. It currently supports the following tasks:

• Probabilistic supervised regression - Supervised regression with a predictive distribution as the return type.
• Predictive survival analysis - Survival analysis where individual predictive hazards can be queried. This is equivalent to probabilistic supervised regression with censored observations.
• Unconditional distribution estimation, where the distribution is returned. Sub-cases are density estimation and unconditional survival estimation.

Key features of mlr3proba are

• A unified fit/predict model interface to any probabilistic predictive model (frequentist, Bayesian, or other)
• Pipeline/model composition
• Domain-agnostic evaluation workflows using task specific algorithmic performance measures.

mlr3proba makes use of the distr6 probability distribution interface as its probabilistic predictive return type.

Feature Overview

The current mlr3proba release focuses on survival analysis, and contains:

• Task frameworks for survival analysis (TaskSurv)
• A comprehensive selection of 17 predictive survival learners
• A comprehensive selection of 21 performance measures for predictive survival learners, with respect to prognostic index (continuous rank) prediction, and probabilistic (distribution) prediction
• PipeOps integrated with mlr3pipelines, for basic pipeline building, and reduction/composition strategies using linear predictors and baseline hazards.

The vision of mlr3proba is to provide comprehensive machine learning functionality to the mlr3 ecosystem for continuous probabilistic return types.

The lifecycle of the survival task and features are considered maturing and any major changes are unlikely.

The density and probabilistic supervised regression tasks are currently in the early stages of development. Task frameworks have been drawn up, but may not be stable; learners need to be interfaced, and contributions are very welcome (see issues).

Installation

Install the last release from CRAN:

install.packages("mlr3proba")

Install the development version from GitHub:

remotes::install_github("mlr-org/mlr3proba")

Learners

Core learners are implemented in mlr3proba, recommended common learners are implemented in mlr3learners, and many more are implemented in mlr3extralearners. Use the interactive search table to search for available learners and see the learner status page for their live status.

Measures

For density estimation only the log-loss is currently implemented, for survival analysis, the following measures are implemented:

ID Measure Package
surv.calib_alpha van Houwelingen’s Alpha Calibration mlr3proba
surv.calib_beta van Houwelingen’s Beta Calibration mlr3proba
surv.chambless_auc Chambless and Diao’s AUC survAUC
surv.graf Integrated Graf Score mlr3proba
surv.hungAUC Hung and Chiang’s AUC survAUC
surv.intlogloss Integrated Log Loss mlr3proba
surv.logloss Log Loss mlr3proba
surv.nagelk_r2 Nagelkerke’s R2 survAUC
surv.oquigley_r2 O’Quigley, Xu, and Stare’s R2 survAUC
surv.song_auc Song and Zhou’s AUC survAUC
surv.song_tnr Song and Zhou’s TNR survAUC
surv.song_tpr Song and Zhou’s TPR survAUC
surv.uno_auc Uno’s AUC survAUC
surv.uno_tnr Uno’s TNR survAUC
surv.uno_tpr Uno’s TPR survAUC
surv.xu_r2 Xu and O’Quigley’s R2 survAUC

Near-Future Plans

• Add prob predict type to TaskRegr, and associated learners/measures
• Allow MeasureSurv to return measures at multiple time-points simultaneously
• Continue to add survival measures and learners

Bugs, Questions, Feedback

mlr3proba is a free and open source software project that encourages participation and feedback. If you have any issues, questions, suggestions or feedback, please do not hesitate to open an “issue” about it on the GitHub page!

In case of problems / bugs, it is often helpful if you provide a “minimum working example” that showcases the behaviour (but don’t worry about this if the bug is obvious).

Similar Projects

Predecessors to this package are previous instances of survival modelling in mlr. The skpro package in the python/scikit-learn ecosystem follows a similar interface for probabilistic supervised learning and is an architectural predecessor. Several packages exist which allow probabilistic predictive modelling with a Bayesian model specific general interface, such as rjags and stan. For implementation of a few survival models and measures, a central package is survival. There does not appear to be a package that provides an architectural framework for distribution/density estimation, see this list for a review of density estimation packages in R.

Acknowledgements

Several people contributed to the building of mlr3proba. Firstly, thanks to Michel Lang for writing mlr3survival. Several learners and measures implemented in mlr3proba, as well as the prediction, task, and measure surv objects, were written initially in mlr3survival before being absorbed into mlr3proba. Secondly thanks to Franz Kiraly for major contributions towards the design of the proba-specific parts of the package, including compositors and predict types. Also for mathematical contributions towards the scoring rules implemented in the package. Finally thanks to Bernd Bischl and the rest of the mlr core team for building mlr3 and for many conversations about the design of mlr3proba.

Citing mlr3proba

If you use mlr3proba, please cite our Bioinformatics article:

@Article{,
title = {mlr3proba: An R Package for Machine Learning in Survival Analysis},
author = {Raphael Sonabend and Franz J Király and Andreas Bender and Bernd Bischl and Michel Lang},
journal = {Bioinformatics},
month = {02},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btab039},
issn = {1367-4803},
}